Sunday, August 23, 2026
It's all here--whyTrump tariffs and Canadian retaliation, will hit US harder than Canada.
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U.S. Annual Purchases from Canada (2025)
In 2025, the United States imported about $453.6 billion in goods and services from Canada, according to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis USAFactsUSAFacts. This figure includes both goods and services, and it reflects the
total value of products and services the U.S. bought from Canada.Breakdown of U.S. Imports from Canada (2025) Total imports: $453.6 billion USAFactsUSAFacts Goods: $381.9 billion United States Trade RepresentativeUnited States Trade Representative Services: $64.5 billion United States Trade RepresentativeUnited States Trade Representative Key Goods Categories The largest U.S. imports from Canada in 2025 included World's Top ExportsWorld's Top Exports: Crude oil – ~$90 billion Cars – ~$25.3 billion Petroleum gases – ~$12.2 billion Automobile parts/accessories – ~$11.0 billion Turbo-jets – ~$7.0 billion Gold (unwrought) – ~$6.3 billion Aluminum (unwrought) – ~$6.1 billion Trucks – ~$5.7 billion Bread, biscuits, cakes, pastries – ~$5.2 billion Chocolate/cocoa preparations – ~$3.1 billion Trade Balance The U.S. ran a trade deficit with Canada in 2025, importing $27.3 billion more than it exported ($453.6 billion imports vs. $426.3 billion exports) USAFactsUSAFacts. This deficit narrowed from $39.4 billion in 2024 to $27.3 billion in 2025 USAFactsUSAFacts. In summary: The U.S. buys roughly $454 billion annually from Canada, with energy products, vehicles, and food items being the largest categories, and the trade balance showing a modest deficit.
Carney-Trump talks on tariffs hit the bumps--
"We cannot accept what they have offered, and we will not give what they have asked," Carney said.
He said he was taking the step of retaliatory tariffs "reluctantly," because they may increase costs for Canadians, but that he is "confident that it is in the best interest of Canada."
"We can't control the storm that blows in from Washington. We can, however, chart a new course by building Canada strong at home and diversifying our trading relationships abroad," Carney said.
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2026/08/22/tariffs-canada-donald-trump/91421389007/?utm_source=firefox-newtab-en-us
Saturday, August 22, 2026
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The entie process of human evoluton, explained in one hour.
Lucy fell from a tree--
You'll have to Google on your own.
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How to Make Stone Tools (Flintknapping)
You can make stone tools by selecting the right stone, removing the outer layer, striking flakes off a core, and shaping them with percussion and pressure flaking.
Step-by-Step Guide
1. Choose the right stone
Select a stone with high silica content (like flint, chert, or obsidian) that fractures predictably. Avoid stones with too much weathering or irregular grain Archaeology Southwest+1.
2. Prepare the core
Remove the outer weathered layer (cortex) to expose fresh stone. This improves flake quality University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.
3. Select your tools
Hammerstone: for initial large flakes.
Baton or antler tine: for finer work.
Safety gear: gloves, eye protection, and a dust mask wisepickers.com.
4. Percussion flaking
Strike the core with a hammerstone to remove large flakes. The goal is to create a “bulb of percussion” — a rounded area where the blow entered the stone — which helps control fracture direction Archaeology Southwest+1.
5. Pressure flaking
Switch to a finer tool (antler tine, bone, or wood) and apply controlled pressure to remove small flakes along the edges. This shapes and sharpens the tool Archaeology Southwest+1.
6. Shaping and refining
Work the tool into its intended form — for example, a scraper, knife, or projectile point. Use both percussion and pressure flaking to refine edges and maintain symmetry wisepickers.com.
7. Hafting (optional)
If making a spear or arrow point, attach it to a wooden shaft using sinew, plant fibers, or a wooden foreshaft that fits into the main shaft University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.
Tips for Success
Practice: Early attempts may be rough; refine your aim and pressure control over time.
Observe fracture patterns: Look for ripples or cones in the stone to predict where flakes will break Archaeology Southwest.
Safety first: Always wear protective gear and work in a well-ventilated area.
Learning Resources
Archaeology Southwest’s fact sheet explains the science of conchoidal fracture and tool types Archaeology Southwest.
Wisepickers’ guide offers a full beginner-to-advanced tutorial with troubleshooting tips wisepickers.com.
UW-La Crosse’s Native Technologies page covers traditional methods and hafting techniques University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.
By following these steps, you can create functional stone tools and connect with the ancient craft of flintknapping.
Archaeology Southwest
Archaeology Southwest
How Did People Make Flaked Stone Tools? - Archaeology Southwest
https://www.archaeologysouthwest.org/pdf/stone_tools_fact_sheet.pdf
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Master the Craft: A Comprehensive Guide on How to Make Stone Tools
https://wisepickers.com/how-to-make-stone-tools/
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Archaeology Southwest
https://www.archaeologysouthwest.org › pdf › stone_tools_fact_sheet.pdf
[PDF]How Did People Make Flaked Stone Tools? - Archaeology Southwest
How Did People Make Flaked Stone Tools? Researchers and craftspeople often use the term “flintknapping” to de. scribe th. - tools is …
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YouTube
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Flake Stone Make Tools - YouTube
May 31, 2011 · Making tools from stone is an ancient practice. I demonstrate this skill at it's crudest level. Stone bashing is a …
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Archaeology Southwest
https://www.archaeologysouthwest.org › free...
How Did People Make Flaked Stone Tools? - Archaeology Southwest
Learn how people shaped sharp stone flakes into tools and projectile points through a process known today as flintknapping.
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Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Flake_tool
Flake tool - Wikipedia
In archaeology, a flake tool is a type of stone tool that was used during the Stone Age that was created by striking a flake from a …
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University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
https://www.uwlax.edu › ... › making-stone-tools
Making Stone Tools - Pre-European People | UW-La Crosse
Learning to strike the rocks in the best way takes lots of practice and involves many mistakes. Even today, with patience and learned …
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YouTube
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How to Make Flaked Stone Tools #1 - YouTube
How to Make Flaked Stone Tools Knapping #1 also see http://primitiveways.com/knapping-ken...
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WikiHow
https://www.wikihow.com › Flintknap
How to Flintknap (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Feb 19, 2026 · If you want to create primitive tools through flintknapping, start with a triangular-shaped flake of flint or obsidian. Grind …
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WonderHowTo
https://survivial-training.wonderhowto.com › how-to › ...
How to Make flaked stone tools with flint knapping
Jul 5, 2008 · Check out this video to learn how to use flintknapping to make flaked stone tools. Find an angle that is less than an …
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GoKnapping
https://goknapping.com › pages › basic-flintknapping-techniques-tips
How to Create Stone Tools; Flintknapping Techniques - GoKnapping.com
There are a variety of ways a beginner can go about learning the skills required to create stone points and tools. In this article, we lay …
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Britannica
https://www.britannica.com › technology › flake-tool
Flake tool | Prehistoric Technology & Uses | Britannica
The technique for making tools in the Acheulean industry was a development of the earlier technique, namely striking one stone …
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Neolithic Culture in Southeast Asia
The Neolithic period in Southeast Asia (roughly 8000–2000 BCE) was marked by the emergence of agriculture, pottery, and settled coastal communities, with the Hoabinhian culture being a key early phase. The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Timeframe and Context
In Southeast Asia, the Neolithic period is generally dated from about 8000 BCE to 2000 BCE, following the earlier Hoabinhian culture (c. 13,000–4000 BCE) The Metropolitan Museum of Art. This era coincided with rising sea levels after the last glacial period, which reshaped coastlines and influenced settlement patterns.
Key Cultural Developments
Agriculture and Sedentism: Early Neolithic peoples in Vietnam, Thailand, and surrounding areas began cultivating crops and establishing permanent settlements along nutrient-rich coastal soils The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Pottery: Impressions of vines, mats, and cords on ceramic vessels are common finds, indicating both decorative artistry and functional use The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Trade and Exchange: Shells became an important medium of exchange, suggesting early trade networks between coastal communities The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Regional Variations
Vietnam and Thailand: Sites such as Bac Bo (northern Vietnam) and Spirit and Ongbah caves (Thailand) reveal flaked stone tools and decorated pottery The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Myanmar to Indonesia: The Neolithic spread southward, influencing island Southeast Asia. The Austronesian peoples later spread across the archipelago, bringing their languages, art, and cultural practices The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Cultural Significance
The Neolithic in Southeast Asia was not a uniform process; it adapted to diverse environments, from mainland coastlines to island archipelagos. This period laid the foundation for later Austronesian expansion into Oceania and the development of complex maritime cultures The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Related Archaeological Terms
Hoabinhian Culture: Pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer societies with flaked stone tools, preceding the Neolithic in much of mainland Southeast Asia The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Austronesian Expansion: A later but related cultural movement that spread Austronesian languages and maritime technology across the Pacific and Indian Oceans The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
In summary, the Neolithic culture of Southeast Asia was a transitional phase from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies, with significant regional diversity, early trade networks, and a lasting influence on the region’s cultural and linguistic landscape. Wikipedia
U Aung Thaw's original article on Padahlin caves--
https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/33f26f7f-2c88-4667-aa5d-594810000fd5/content
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