Amber of the Hukawng Valley--geology, non-fiction, paleo-biology.

geology of an amber locality in the Hukawng Valley ... ScienceDirect.com

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ttps://www.sciencedirect.com › science › article › pii by RD Cruickshank · 2003 · Cited by 1059 — Amber ('Burmite') from the Hukawng Valley of Myanmar has been known since at least the 1st century AD. It is currently being produced from a hill known as ...

AI Overview +7 Hukawng Valley amber ( Burmese amber) is mid-Cretaceous (around 99-100 million years old), found in sedimentary rocks within Myanmar's Hukawng Basin, originating from conifers in a nearshore, volcanically active environment, crucial for paleontology due to its exceptional, diverse inclusions, though its trade raises ethical concerns.

Geological Context

Age: Mid-Cretaceous, specifically Upper Albian to earliest Cenomanian stages, roughly 99-100 million years old. Formation Environment: Formed in fine-grained, nearshore marine sediments (bays or estuaries) within the Hukawng Basin, influenced by volcanic activity.

Host Rocks: Amber is embedded in clastic sedimentary rocks containing volcanic fragments (like zircons) and carbonaceous material, deposited alongside volcanic eruptions.

Origin: The resin likely came from conifers (possibly taxodiaceous) growing in lowland coastal areas.

Physical Characteristics & Types

Variations: Includes transparent golden, brown (most common), red ("blood"), and opaque types like "beeswax" (flow patterns) and "root" amber (wood-like patterns).

Inclusions: Famous for preserving incredibly diverse arthropods (insects, spiders), plants, and even vertebrates (lizards, birds, frogs) with high fidelity, bridging gaps in the fossil record.

Significance

Paleontological Goldmine: Provides unique insights into Cretaceous biodiversity, evolution (e.g., early ants, ticks), and ancient ecosystems.

Geological Marker: Dates volcanic events and tectonic settings of the Burma Terrane.

Ethical Issues

Mining occurs in conflict-ridden areas (Kachin State), raising concerns about human rights abuses, forced labor (including children), and funding armed groups, leading to calls for ethical research standards.

Burmese amber - Grokipedia

Geologically, the amber occurs within clastic sedimentary sequences of the Hukawng Basin, associated with tectonic activity on the...

Grokipedia

Geology of an amber locality in the Hukawng Valley, Northern ... Feb 14, 2003 — The burmite-bearing rock is sedimentary and consists mainly of rounded lithic clasts (0.03 ∼ 0.15 mm in diameter), wit... ScienceDirect.com

Geology of an amber locality in the Hukawng Valley, Northern ... Palynomorphs in samples collected by the authors suggest that the amber-bearing horizon is Upper Albian to Lower Cenomanian. The p... Harvard University Paleontology - Facebook Sep 16, 2020 — Seeds in amber. Burmese amber, also known as burmita, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. It dates f... Facebook

Inclusions in Burmese Amber | Gems & Gemology Jul 30, 2015 — The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) has a collection of amber specimens acquired during a field expedition to t... GIA

Burmese amber - Wikipedia Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to ... Wikipedia Ethics, law, and politics in palaeontological research: The case of ... Sep 28, 2022 — Background * Fig. 1: Locations in Myanmar associated with Myanmar amber and areas of major conflict. Location of Myanm... Nature Gemmological and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Different ...

CHARACTERISTICS OF BURMESE AMBER ... If the coloured layer is particularly dark, it is called 'black' amber (Xiao et al. 2014; Zha... ambermuseum.com.cn CRETACEOUS AMBER FROM THE ARCTIC COASTAL PLAIN OF ALASKA | GSA Bulletin | GeoScienceWorld Mar 1, 2017 — The amber is considered to be of taxodiaceous origin because it is associated with taxodiaceous fossils. The amber cont... GeoScienceWorld 1m A tale of two papers: ethics of Burmese amber YouTube·Raptor Chatter Dive deeper in AI Mode Burmese amber Wikipedia