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For other uses, see Omar Khayyam (disambiguation). Hakim Omar Khayyam عمر خیّام Statue of Khayyam by Abolhassan Sadighi Born 18 May 1048[1][2] Nishapur, Khorasan, Seljuk Empire Died 4 December 1131 (aged 83)[1][2] Nishapur, Khorasan, Seljuk Empire Academic background Influences Avicennaal-KhwārizmīEuclidApollonius of Perge Academic work Main interests MathematicsAstronomyPersian philosophyPersian poetry Influenced TusiAl-KhaziniNizami Aruzi of SamarcandHafezSadegh HedayatAndré GideJohn WallisSaccheriEdward FitzGeraldMaurice BouchorHenri CazalisJean ChapelainAmin Maalouf Omar Khayyam[a][b] (1048-1131) was a Persian poet and polymath, known for his contributions to mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and Persian literature.[4]: 94  He was born in Nishapur, Iran and lived during the Seljuk era, around the time of the First Crusade.

As a mathematician, he is most notable for his work on the classification and solution of cubic equations, where he provided a geometric formulation based on the intersection of conics.[5] He also contributed to a deeper understanding of Euclid's parallel axiom.[6]: 284  As an astronomer, he calculated the duration of the solar year with remarkable precision and accuracy, and designed the Jalali calendar, a solar calendar with a very precise 33-year intercalation cycle[7]: 659  [c] which provided the basis for the Persian calendar that is still in use after nearly a millennium.

There is a tradition of attributing poetry to Omar Khayyam, written in the form of quatrains (rubāʿiyāt رباعیات). This poetry became widely known to the English-reading world in a translation by Edward FitzGerald (Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, 1859), which enjoyed great success in the Orientalism of the fin de siècle.