Burma, America, The World, Art, Literature, Political Economy through the eyes of a Permanent Exile. "We must take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the oppressed. Sometimes we must interfere. . . There is so much injustice and suffering crying out for our attention . . . writers and poets, prisoners in so many lands governed by the left and by the right." Elie Wiesel, Nobel Peace Prize Speech, 1986, Oslo. This entire site copyright Kyi May Kaung unless indicated otherwise.
Saturday, November 23, 2024
Wow--life was quite developed in 2500 BCE--in Middle East and India--ie Indus Valley--wow!
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In 2500 BCE, life was characterized by the early stages of complex civilizations in the Middle East, including the rise of city-states in Mesopotamia (Sumer), the construction of the Egyptian pyramids, and the development of writing systems, all while most of the world was still in the Bronze Age with a focus on agriculture and specialized crafts, marked by significant social hierarchies and the emergence of powerful rulers; notable features included:
Urbanization:
Cities like Uruk in Mesopotamia were becoming established with developing infrastructure and complex social structures, often ruled by powerful kings.
Agriculture:
Farming was the primary means of sustenance, with people cultivating crops like wheat, barley, and legumes, often relying on irrigation systems in river valleys.
Bronze Age Technology:
The use of bronze tools and weapons was becoming widespread, allowing for advancements in construction and warfare.
Monumental Architecture:
The Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt were being built, demonstrating the power and authority of the pharaohs.
Social Hierarchy:
Society was divided into distinct classes, with rulers, priests, artisans, farmers, and laborers occupying different positions.
Writing Systems:
Cuneiform script in Mesopotamia and hieroglyphics in Egypt were developing, allowing for record-keeping and communication.
Trade Networks:
Long-distance trade routes were established, facilitating the exchange of goods like metals, textiles, and luxury items.
Religion:
Complex religious beliefs were prevalent, often centered around powerful gods and goddesses with elaborate rituals and temple structures.
Key Civilizations in 2500 BCE:
Sumer (Mesopotamia):
City-states like Uruk, Ur, and Kish were experiencing political turmoil and power struggles.
Ancient Egypt:
The Old Kingdom period was in full swing, with the construction of the pyramids at Giza.
Indus Valley Civilization:
Highly developed urban centers with advanced drainage systems were present in the Indian subcontinent.
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